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• Secret deal places no legal limits on use of data by Israelis
• Only official US government communications protected
• Agency insists it complies with rules governing privacy
• Read the NSA and Israel’s ‘memorandum of understanding’

The National Security Agency routinely shares raw intelligence data with Israel without first sifting it to remove information about US citizens, a top-secret document provided to the Guardian by whistleblower Edward Snowden reveals.

Details of the intelligence-sharing agreement are laid out in a memorandum of understanding between the NSA and its Israeli counterpart that shows the US government handed over intercepted communications likely to contain phone calls and emails of American citizens. The agreement places no legally binding limits on the use of the data by the Israelis.

The disclosure that the NSA agreed to provide raw intelligence data to a foreign country contrasts with assurances from the Obama administration that there are rigorous safeguards to protect the privacy of US citizens caught in the dragnet. The intelligence community calls this process “minimization”, but the memorandum makes clear that the information shared with the Israelis would be in its pre-minimized state.

The deal was reached in principle in March 2009, according to the undated memorandum, which lays out the ground rules for the intelligence sharing.

The five-page memorandum, termed an agreement between the US and Israeli intelligence agencies “pertaining to the protection of US persons”, repeatedly stresses the constitutional rights of Americans to privacy and the need for Israeli intelligence staff to respect these rights.

But this is undermined by the disclosure that Israel is allowed to receive “raw Sigint” – signal intelligence. The memorandum says: “Raw Sigint includes, but is not limited to, unevaluated and unminimized transcripts, gists, facsimiles, telex, voice and Digital Network Intelligence metadata and content.”

According to the agreement, the intelligence being shared would not be filtered in advance by NSA analysts to remove US communications. “NSA routinely sends ISNU [the Israeli Sigint National Unit] minimized and unminimized raw collection”, it says.

Although the memorandum is explicit in saying the material had to be handled in accordance with US law, and that the Israelis agreed not to deliberately target Americans identified in the data, these rules are not backed up by legal obligations.

“This agreement is not intended to create any legally enforceable rights and shall not be construed to be either an international agreement or a legally binding instrument according to international law,” the document says.

In a statement to the Guardian, an NSA spokesperson did not deny that personal data about Americans was included in raw intelligence data shared with the Israelis. But the agency insisted that the shared intelligence complied with all rules governing privacy.

“Any US person information that is acquired as a result of NSA’s surveillance activities is handled under procedures that are designed to protect privacy rights,” the spokesperson said.

The NSA declined to answer specific questions about the agreement, including whether permission had been sought from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance (Fisa) court for handing over such material.

The memorandum of understanding, which the Guardian is publishing in full, allows Israel to retain “any files containing the identities of US persons” for up to a year. The agreement requests only that the Israelis should consult the NSA’s special liaison adviser when such data is found.

Notably, a much stricter rule was set for US government communications found in the raw intelligence. The Israelis were required to “destroy upon recognition” any communication “that is either to or from an official of the US government”. Such communications included those of “officials of the executive branch (including the White House, cabinet departments, and independent agencies), the US House of Representatives and Senate (member and staff) and the US federal court system (including, but not limited to, the supreme court)”.

It is not clear whether any communications involving members of US Congress or the federal courts have been included in the raw data provided by the NSA, nor is it clear how or why the NSA would be in possession of such communications. In 2009, however, the New York Times reported on “the agency’s attempt to wiretap a member of Congress, without court approval, on an overseas trip”.

The NSA is required by law to target only non-US persons without an individual warrant, but it can collect the content and metadata of Americans’ emails and calls without a warrant when such communication is with a foreign target. US persons are defined in surveillance legislation as US citizens, permanent residents and anyone located on US soil at the time of the interception, unless it has been positively established that they are not a citizen or permanent resident.

Moreover, with much of the world’s internet traffic passing through US networks, large numbers of purely domestic communications also get scooped up incidentally by the agency’s surveillance programs.

The document mentions only one check carried out by the NSA on the raw intelligence, saying the agency will “regularly review a sample of files transferred to ISNU to validate the absence of US persons’ identities”. It also requests that the Israelis limit access only to personnel with a “strict need to know”.

Israeli intelligence is allowed “to disseminate foreign intelligence information concerning US persons derived from raw Sigint by NSA” on condition that it does so “in a manner that does not identify the US person”. The agreement also allows Israel to release US person identities to “outside parties, including all INSU customers” with the NSA’s written permission.

Although Israel is one of America’s closest allies, it is not one of the inner core of countries involved in surveillance sharing with the US – Britain, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. This group is collectively known as Five Eyes.

The relationship between the US and Israel has been strained at times, both diplomatically and in terms of intelligence. In the top-secret 2013 intelligence community budget request, details of which were disclosed by the Washington Post, Israel is identified alongside Iran and China as a target for US cyberattacks.

While NSA documents tout the mutually beneficial relationship of Sigint sharing, another report, marked top secret and dated September 2007, states that the relationship, while central to US strategy, has become overwhelmingly one-sided in favor of Israel.

“Balancing the Sigint exchange equally between US and Israeli needs has been a constant challenge,” states the report, titled ‘History of the US – Israel Sigint Relationship, Post-1992′. “In the last decade, it arguably tilted heavily in favor of Israeli security concerns. 9/11 came, and went, with NSA’s only true Third Party [counter-terrorism] relationship being driven almost totally by the needs of the partner.”

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In another top-secret document seen by the Guardian, dated 2008, a senior NSA official points out that Israel aggressively spies on the US. “On the one hand, the Israelis are extraordinarily good Sigint partners for us, but on the other, they target us to learn our positions on Middle East problems,” the official says. “A NIE [National Intelligence Estimate] ranked them as the third most aggressive intelligence service against the US.”

Later in the document, the official is quoted as saying: “One of NSA’s biggest threats is actually from friendly intelligence services, like Israel. There are parameters on what NSA shares with them, but the exchange is so robust, we sometimes share more than we intended.”

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The memorandum of understanding also contains hints that there had been tensions in the intelligence-sharing relationship with Israel. At a meeting in March 2009 between the two agencies, according to the document, it was agreed that the sharing of raw data required a new framework and further training for Israeli personnel to protect US person information.

It is not clear whether or not this was because there had been problems up to that point in the handling of intelligence that was found to contain Americans’ data.

However, an earlier US document obtained by Snowden, which discusses co-operating on a military intelligence program, bluntly lists under the cons: “Trust issues which revolve around previous ISR [Israel] operations.”

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The Guardian asked the Obama administration how many times US data had been found in the raw intelligence, either by the Israelis or when the NSA reviewed a sample of the files, but officials declined to provide this information. Nor would they disclose how many other countries the NSA shared raw data with, or whether the Fisa court, which is meant to oversee NSA surveillance programs and the procedures to handle US information, had signed off the agreement with Israel.

In its statement, the NSA said: “We are not going to comment on any specific information sharing arrangements, or the authority under which any such information is collected. The fact that intelligence services work together under specific and regulated conditions mutually strengthens the security of both nations.

“NSA cannot, however, use these relationships to circumvent US legal restrictions. Whenever we share intelligence information, we comply with all applicable rules, including the rules to protect US person information.”

Glenn Greenwald, Laura Poitras and Ewen MacAskill
The Guardian, Wednesday 11 September 2013 15.40 BST

Find this story at 11 September 2013

Memorandum of understanding

© 2015 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved.

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Im Spionageskandal beim BND kritisieren Geheimdienstexperten das Vorgehen der deutschen Behörden scharf. Zugleich wird der Fall immer mysteriöser. Die “Welt” gibt den Überblick über die Faktenlage.
Was für ein Fall! Und bekannt wird er ausgerechnet zu diesem Zeitpunkt, wo der Untersuchungsausschuss zur Aufarbeitung der US-Datenspionage in Deutschland seine Arbeit aufnimmt: Der Generalbundesanwalt ermittelt gegen einen 31 Jahre alten Mitarbeiter des Bundesnachrichtendienstes (BND), der Informationen an die Amerikaner weitergegeben haben soll.
Die Aufregung darüber ist groß. Führende Politiker der Koalition verlangen von den USA dringend Aufklärung. Kanzlerin Angela Merkel (CDU) wurde von dem neuen Spionagefall am Freitag genauso überrascht wie das restliche politische Berlin. Sie verbrachte den Samstag im Flugzeug nach China; offiziell kommentierte sie die Affäre dabei mit keinem Wort. Im Gespräch mit deutschen Wirtschaftsführern soll sich Merkel aber entsetzt über die neuen Vorwürfe gegen die Amerikaner gezeigt haben (Link: http://www.welt.de/129842322) .
Bundesinnenminister Thomas de Maizière (CDU) nannte die Vorwürfe “sehr schwerwiegend”. Außenminister Frank-Walter Steinmeier (SPD) forderte, es dürfe nun nichts mehr unter den Teppich gekehrt werden. Und Bundespräsident Joachim Gauck warnte (Link: http://www.welt.de/129834596) gar vor einer Belastung der deutsch-amerikanischen Beziehungen.
Es ist ein Fall, der in der Tat viele Fragen aufwirft. Und alles, was bislang darüber bekannt wurde, macht ihn nur noch mysteriöser. Die Darstellungen zeichnen nicht nur ein Bild dilettantischer deutscher und US-amerikanischer Nachrichtendienste, sondern sind in der Tat geeignet, das deutsch-amerikanische Verhältnis in einer durch die NSA-Spionage in Europa hoch aufgeladenen, besonders sensiblen Situation weiter zu destabilisieren. Wer könnte ein Interesse daran haben? Und was ist so merkwürdig an dem Fall?
Wie kam es zu dem Spionagefall?
Der BND-Mitarbeiter soll sich vor zwei Jahren per E-Mail an die US-Botschaft als Spion angeboten und seither für die USA spioniert haben. Bei einer Hausdurchsuchung fanden die Ermittler einen USB-Stick mit 218 geheimen BND-Dokumenten. Für seine Dienste habe er insgesamt 25.000 Euro erhalten, heißt es. Am 28. Mai dieses Jahres soll der Verdächtige dann von einem Google-Mail-Account aus an das russische Generalkonsulat in München geschrieben haben. Dieser Mail soll er sogar vertrauliche Unterlagen beigefügt haben. “Er könne bei Bedarf gern mehr liefern”, zitiert der “Spiegel” aus dem Inhalt der Mail.
Wie glaubhaft ist diese Darstellung?
Sie gehört zu den großen Mysterien dieses Falles. Fast alle Indizien und die Auswertung der Beweismittel weisen in Richtung CIA. In deutschen Geheimdienstkreisen herrscht jedoch Unverständnis darüber, dass die Amerikaner auf ein derartiges Angebot eines BND-Mannes eingegangen sein sollen. Erstens könnten diese Mail auch andere Geheimdienste abgefangen haben. Damit wäre er als Informant unbrauchbar. Zweitens sei die Art und Weise der Kontaktanbahnung alles andere als professionell. Noch größer ist die Verwunderung darüber, dass der Verdächtige sich am 28. Mai dieses Jahres unter Beifügung vertraulicher Dokumente von einem Google-Mail-Account aus an das russische Generalkonsulat in München gewandt hatte.
Würde ein BND-Mitarbeiter ein Spionage-Angebot per Google-Mail schicken?
Das ist kaum anzunehmen. Spätestens seit der NSA-Affäre gilt als sicher, dass die US-Geheimdienste Mail-Dienste wie Google-Mail intensiv ausspionieren. Als Mitarbeiter des BND musste der Mann wissen, wie leicht Mails abgefangen und mitgelesen werden können. Ein ernsthaftes Angebot hätte er somit vermutlich zumindest über einen verschlüsselten Mail-Account versandt oder aber eine ganz andere Art der Kontaktaufnahme gewählt, heißt es in Geheimdienstkreisen.
Warum schaltete er später seine Google-Mail-Adresse ab?
Tatsächlich las der Verfassungsschutz die Mail an das russische Konsulat mit. Unter einer gefälschten russischen Adresse soll der Dienst zum Schein auf das Angebot eingegangen sein und ein Treffen angeboten haben, schreibt der “Spiegel”. Aber der Verdächtige ging auf das Angebot nicht ein, sondern schaltete seine Google-Mail-Adresse ab, als der BND die US-Behörden fragte, ob die Adresse dort bekannt sei.
Spricht das Abschalten des Google-Mail-Kontos für eine Beteiligung der USA?
Nicht unbedingt, denn von der Anfrage bei den US-Behörden kann der Verdächtige auch im BND erfahren haben. Immerhin arbeitete er in der BND-Zentrale in Pullach in der Abteilung Auslandsbeziehungen. Er sei als Hilfskraft beschäftigt worden und habe kaum Zugang zu sicherheitsrelevanten Informationen haben können. Verwunderung gibt es im deutschen Geheimdienst darüber, dass die Amerikaner solch ein hohes Risiko eingegangen sein sollen, um Dokumente mit so wenig Brisanz zu erhalten. “Das hätten die doch auch auf anderen Wegen erfahren können”, heißt es.
Wie passt die Version von der Google-Mail zu den Verschlüsselungsprogrammen, die auf dem heimischen Computer des Verdächtigen gefunden wurden?
In der Wohnung des BND-Mitarbeiters fanden die Ermittler einen Computer, der ihrer Ansicht nach von einem Geheimdienst präpariert sein könnte. Anlass zu dieser Vermutung gibt eine spezielle Software-Konfiguration. Auf dem Rechner ist eine Wetter-App installiert. Wird damit nach dem Wetter in New York gefragt, öffnet sich ein Verschlüsselungsprogramm (Kryptogramm). Wer solche Dinge benutzt, weiß, wie er mit sensiblen Daten im Internet umgeht, und wird wohl kaum riskante Mails mit öffentlichen Mail-Anbietern wie Google-Mail versenden. Es sei denn, diese Mails sollen gesehen werden.
Konnte der BND-Mann überhaupt Informationen liefern, die den USA noch nicht vorliegen?
Für diese Behauptung spricht wenig. Es ist bekannt, dass der Informationsfluss eher in entgegengesetzter Richtung läuft. Nur durch frühzeitige Warnungen der US-Geheimdienste etwa gelang es bisher, die in Deutschland geplanten Attentate islamistischer Terroristen zu verhindern. Im Gegenzug lieferten die deutschen Dienste Informationen zu aus Deutschland nach Afghanistan, Syrien oder in den Irak ausgereisten Dschihadisten.
Warum gestand der BND-Mann, er habe für die USA spioniert?
Auch diese Aussage gehört zu den vielen Mysterien dieses Falles. Denn bis zur Festnahme des Verdächtigen gingen die deutschen Geheimdienste und Strafverfolgungsbehörden offenbar von einer geheimdienstlichen Tätigkeit für die Russen aus. Denn der Grund ihrer Ermittlungen war ja die Google-Mail an das russische Konsulat in München. Dass ein mutmaßlicher Spion Dinge gesteht, die gar nicht in Rede standen beziehungsweise ihm anscheinend gar nicht vorgeworfen wurden, erscheint zumindest merkwürdig.
Wie brisant war das Material, das angeblich an die USA geliefert wurde?
Nach Angaben des BND enthielten die angeblich an die USA gelieferten Dokumente keine “besonders sensiblen Informationen”. Entgegen ersten Berichten wurde der NSA-Untersuchungsausschuss des Bundestages nicht ausspioniert.
Warum sollten die US-Dienste sich mit ihm in Österreich treffen?
Angeblich will der BND-Mitarbeiter seine amerikanischen Auftraggeber regelmäßig in Österreich getroffen haben. Bei diesen Treffen sollen die Dokumente und das Geld übergeben worden sein. Auch diese Darstellung wird in Geheimdienstkreisen angezweifelt. In Österreich sei der russische Geheimdienst FSB viel stärker als in Deutschland, sprich hier wäre das Risiko des Informationsaustauschs demnach geringer gewesen.
Wann schalten Geheimdienste in solchen Fällen die Staatsanwaltschaft ein?
Bevor das geschieht, wird ein Fall in der Regel intensiv und lange geprüft. In den deutschen Nachrichtendiensten gibt es deshalb Unmut darüber, dass der Mann so schnell verhaftet wurde und der Fall so schnell an die Öffentlichkeit gelangt ist. “Es wäre aus geheimdienstlicher Sicht besser gewesen, den Verdächtigen weiter zu beobachten, um mehr über seine Kontaktleute zu erfahren. Für den 9. Juli war ja ein weiteres Treffen in Prag geplant. Logisch wäre doch gewesen, dieses Treffen zu observieren und auch den Gesprächspartner dort zu identifizieren”, sagte ein Nachrichtendienstler der “Welt”.
Gingen die Geheimdienste dilettantisch vor?
Wie der Fall von deutscher Seite bislang gehandhabt wurde, stößt auch beim früheren Geheimdienstkoordinator der Regierung Kohl, Bernd Schmidbauer (CDU), auf Kritik. “Das bisherige Vorgehen der deutschen Behörden ist höchst unprofessionell. Wegen eines solchen Leichtgewichts den Fall so hochzuspielen und die deutsch-amerikanischen Beziehungen weiter zu schwächen, finde ich bedenklich”, sagte er der “Welt”. “In meiner Zeit gab es auch solche Vorfälle. Doch die haben wir zuerst mit nachrichtendienstlichen Mitteln geprüft und dann auf diplomatischem Weg geklärt.”
Wie gingen Geheimdienste früher in vergleichbaren Fällen vor?
Im Jahr 1994 etwa wollte die CIA den damaligen Referatsleiter im Bundeswirtschaftsministerium, Klaus Dieter von Horn, anwerben. Die Treffen fanden auch statt, doch Horn hatte den deutschen Verfassungsschutz eingeweiht. “Wir hatten das jahrelang beobachtet und dann Maßnahmen auf diplomatischem Wege ergriffen. Ein CIA-Mitarbeiter wurde ausgewiesen”, sagte der frühere Geheimdienstkoordinator Bernd Schmidbauer. Es habe zudem weitere Vorkommnisse zwischen den deutschen und amerikanischen Geheimdiensten gegeben, die Anlass für Gespräche auf höchster Ebene über das Verhältnis “unter Freunden” gewesen seien.
8. Jul. 2014, 17:53
Von Günther Lachmann und Dirk Banse
Find this story 8 July 2014
© Axel Springer SE 2014. Alle Rechte vorbehalten

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The lawyer of a suspected double agent has said that his client, who reportedly sold documents to the Americans while working for German intelligence, did not strike him as being much of a spy.
The 31-year-old from the Munich area was arrested last week near the Bavarian capital, suspected of selling files to the CIA.
His lawyer Klaus Schroth told broadcaster SWRinfo on Monday his client was cooperating with authorities.
He said he first met the man who worked for Germany’s foreign intelligence service, the BND, which is based south of Munich in Pullach, in Karlsruhe at the Attorney General’s office.
The lawyer from Karlsruhe refused to go into any details about the allegations. “He still needs questioning, but there are things in the media which are true,” Schroth said.
The man reportedly sold 218 documents over two years for €25,000 to US secret services. But his lawyer said: “I have worked on lots of espionage cases but my client doesn’t give me the impression that he is a professional spy.”
On Monday night the US Embassy in Berlin said: “The United States is aware of the detention of a German citizen at the end of last week. We are aware also of published claims that he had been working with US intelligence.
“As a matter of policy, we do not discuss the details of pending law enforcement matters or allegations of intelligence activity.
“We are working with the German Government to ensure this issue is resolved appropriately.”
Past cases taken on by Schroth include that of a TV weatherman accused of rape who was acquitted.
Published: 08 Jul 2014 10:12 GMT+02:00
Updated: 08 Jul 2014 10:12 GMT+02:00
Find this story at 8 July 2014
copyright The Local Europe GmbH

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In der BND-Spionageaffäre hegen die Ermittler kaum noch Zweifel an der Aussage des Festgenommenen. Der 31-Jährige gab demnach BND-Interna gegen Geld an den US-Geheimdienst. Die Regierung wird schon bald in der heiklen Causa reagieren müssen.
Berlin – Der mutmaßliche Doppelagent beim Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) sagt offenbar die Wahrheit. Die Ermittler gehen immer stärker davon aus, dass der festgenommene Mitarbeiter des Auslandsgeheimdienstes tatsächlich interne Informationen des BND an den US-Geheimdienst verraten hat und dafür Geld erhielt.
Mehrere Regierungsbeamte sagten SPIEGEL ONLINE, dass fast alle Indizien dafür sprächen, dass sich der BND-Mann auf eigene Initiative den Amerikanern angedient habe. Rund zwei Jahre lang habe er dann geheime BND-Dokumente weitergegeben – teilweise nach konkreten Anfragen eines Verbindungsmannes, der vermutlich für die CIA arbeitete. “Es gibt nur noch einen sehr geringen Restzweifel”, so ein Insider.
Der BND-Mann arbeitete für den Stab der “Abteilung EA” (Einsatzgebiete / Auslandsbeziehungen) und hatte damit Zugang zu vielen internen Unterlagen und zur Kommunikation der Zentrale mit den Auslands-Residenten. Nach seiner Festnahme am vergangenen Mittwoch legte er ein Geständnis mit vielen Details zu seiner Zusammenarbeit mit den Amerikanern ab. Die Ermittler hegten zunächst Zweifel an seinem Bericht. Seitdem schweigt er auf Anraten seines Anwalts.
Inzwischen glauben die Ermittler dem Mann. Ein erstes Indiz für die Richtigkeit seiner Angaben barg nach Informationen des SPIEGEL ein in seiner Wohnung gefundener Computer: Er war im Stil von Geheimdiensten präpariert. Auf dem Rechner befindet sich eine Wetter-App, die bei der Suche nach dem Wetter in New York automatisch ein Krypto-Programm zur Kommunikation öffnet. Die Machart des Programms sei so professionell, dass die App nur von einem Geheimdienst stammen könne, sagen Insider. Zudem stellten die Fahnder in seiner Wohnung unter anderem einen USB-Stick mit geheimen BND-Dokumenten sicher.
Geheime Treffen in Österreich
Daneben gab der BND-Mann Hinweise auf ein geheimes System, mit dem der US-Geheimdienst Informationen abschöpft. Nach seiner ersten Kontaktaufnahme Ende 2012, so der geständige Deutsche, habe er seinen Agentenführer stets im nahen Österreich getroffen, eine solche Sicherheitsmaßnahme ist bei Diensten üblich. Ebenso nannte er den Fahndern eine Telefonnummer in New York, die er bei Notfällen anrufen sollte. Nach einem ersten Check ist man sich mittlerweile recht sicher, dass diese zum US-Geheimdienstapparat gehört und ähnlich funktionierte wie in früheren Zeiten tote Briefkästen.
Die vielen Details, das hört man aus dem BND-Apparat, sprächen für die Plausibilität der Aussage des Doppelagenten. “So etwas kann man sich kaum ausdenken”, sagte ein Beamter am Sonntag. Auch die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass es sich bei der Geschichte des 31-Jährigen um eine Legende handelt, mit der er eine Tätigkeit für einen anderen Nachrichtendienst tarnen wollte, sei “sehr, sehr unwahrscheinlich”. Im Geheimdienst-Milieu sind solche kruden Legenden durchaus üblich, um in Notfällen den Schaden für den eigentlichen Auftraggeber zu begrenzen.
Die anfänglichen Zweifel entstammten vor allem dem Hergang der Aufdeckung. (Die ganze Geschichte lesen Sie hier im aktuellen SPIEGEL.) So war der BND-Mann dem Verfassungsschutz Ende Mai zunächst aufgefallen, weil er von einem Google-Account eine E-Mail mit drei geheimen BND-Dokumenten an das russische Generalkonsulat in München sandte und dort gegen Geld seine Dienste als Informant anbot. Auf der Suche nach dem Verräter in den eigenen Reihen zeigte sich die deutsche Spionageabwehr durchaus kreativ. Zunächst schlug man dem BND-Mann nach SPIEGEL-Informationen mit einer gefälschten russischen Adresse ein Treffen vor – das dieser jedoch ablehnte.
Ein weiteres Detail zeigt, wie wenig die Deutschen damit rechneten, dass die USA einen Maulwurf mitten im BND führten. Sie sandten, ganz im Vertrauen auf den Partner in Übersee, die aufgefallene E-Mail-Adresse in die USA. Da es sich um eine Google-Mail-Adresse handelte, so das Ersuchen, könnten die Kollegen von CIA oder NSA doch vielleicht mehr herausfinden. Eine Antwort blieb aus, stattdessen meldete der BND-Mann kurz darauf seinen Mail-Account ab. Erst über umfangreiche Recherchen stieß man auf den 31-Jährigen. Die Ermittler mussten herausfinden, wer zu den versandten BND-Dokumenten Zugang hatte und zum Zeitpunkt der Mail an das Konsulat in München nicht im Dienst war.
Der entstandene Schaden lässt sich derzeit noch gar nicht ermessen. Bisher hält sich die Regierung mit Anklagen in Richtung USA zurück und verweist auf die laufenden Ermittlungen. Gleichzeitig gab das Kanzleramt für die Geheimdienste die Linie aus, vorerst alle Kontakte mit den Partnerdiensten auf der anderen Seite des Atlantiks auf das Nötigste zu begrenzen. Spätestens aber, wenn die Bundesanwaltschaft einen weiteren Ermittlungsbericht zur Causa des Doppelagenten vorlegt, wird die Berliner Regierung reagieren müssen. Mit Wünschen nach Aufklärung wird es dann nicht mehr getan sein.
06. Juli 2014, 16:00 Uhr
Von Matthias Gebauer
Find this story at 6 July 2014
© SPIEGEL ONLINE 2014

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Media says alleged double agent may have been tasked with spying on committee investigating NSA’s activities in Germany
Reports allege the BND member was originally arrested under suspicion of passing on information to Russian intelligence services. Photograph: Soeren Stache/AFP/Getty Images
A new surveillance scandal is threatening to unsettle US-German relations after it emerged that an employee of Germany’s intelligence agency has been arrested under suspicion of acting as a double agent for the US.
According to several reports in the German media, a 31-year-old member of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) administration department in Pullach was on Wednesday arrested by the country’s federal prosecutor, originally under suspicion of passing on information to Russian intelligence services.
However, under questioning by the federal prosecutor the suspect said he had received money in exchange for passing on secret information to a US contact. If his claims turn out to be true, German papers say it would constitute the biggest scandal involving a US-German double agent in the post-war era.
Some newspapers are speculating whether the BND employee may have been specifically tasked with spying on the activities of the special Bundestag inquiry committee currently investigating the NSA’s activities in Germany.
According to Süddeutsche Zeitung newspaper, the employee had been approached several times by the NSA, at least once with a specific request for information on the Bundestag’s investigation into NSA surveillance.According to Der Spiegel, the BND staffer had collected between 200 and 300 secret documents from internal servers and saved them onto a USB stick.
They were sold on to the US intelligence services between 2012 and 2014, for price of several tens of thousands of euros, said the magazine. The employee had managed to establish contact with the NSA by the most obvious way imaginable – by sending an email to the US embassy.On Friday, the investigative committee gathered for an emergency meeting in response to the arrest. Martina Renner, a Left party politician on the parliamentary committee, told Associated Press that the case indicated that anyone who examined Snowden’s revelations in detail was subject to scrutiny by US intelligence agencies.
A spokesperson for Angela Merkel said that the chancellor had been informed of the arrest, and that allegations of espionage “weren’t something that was taken lightly”.
News of the double-spying allegations come less than a day after two former NSA employees spoke as witnesses to the Bundestag inquiry. William Binney, a former technical head, said the NSA had a “totalitarian mentality”, claiming that it represented the “greatest threat” to American society since the civil war.
Thomas Drake, another former NSA staffer who worked at the agency between 2001 and 2008, accused Germany’s BND of collaborating close with their American counterparts. The German intelligence agency’s claims that they had been unaware of NSA surveillance activity in Germany were, he said, “beyond credibility”.
Philip Oltermann in Berlin
theguardian.com, Friday 4 July 2014 16.50 BST
Find this story at 4 July 2014
© 2014 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved.

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Die Anhörung vor dem NSA-Untersuchungsausschuss im Deutschen Bundestag. Ein BND-Mann soll als Spitzel für die USA fungiert haben
Die Anhörung vor dem NSA-Untersuchungsausschuss im Deutschen Bundestag. Ein BND-Mann soll in Berlin als Spitzel für die USA fungiert haben
Ein Mitarbeiter des Bundesnachrichtendienstes (BND) soll mindestens zwei Jahre lang als Doppelagent für US-Geheimdienste gearbeitet haben. Nach BILD-Informationen hat er seine Anweisungen offenbar direkt aus der amerikanischen Botschaft in Berlin erhalten.
Der BND-Mitarbeiter soll die US-Botschaft bereits im Jahr 2012 per E-Mail kontaktiert und dabei „interessante BND-Dokumente angeboten“ haben. Danach habe sich die US-Botschaft mit dem 31-Jährigen in Verbindung gesetzt und sich grundsätzlich zu einer Kooperation bereiterklärt. Dabei sollen dem BND-Mitarbeiter für entsprechende Geheimdokumente auch Informationshonorare in Aussicht gestellt worden sein.
Nach BILD-Informationen aus Sicherheitskreisen gehen die Ermittler von Staatsanwaltschaft und Polizei deswegen inzwischen auch von möglichen „finanziellen Vorteilen“ als Hauptmotiv für die Doppelagenten-Tätigkeit des BND-Mannes aus.
Die Bundesanwaltschaft hatte den 31 Jahre alten Deutschen am Mittwoch wegen des dringenden Verdachts der geheimdienstlichen Agententätigkeit festnehmen lassen.
Der Botschafter der USA, John B. Emerson, wurde am Freitagnachmittag ins Auswärtige Amt gebeten. Staatssekretär Stephan Steinlein habe ihn bei dem Gespräch gebeten, „an einer zügigen Aufklärung mitzuwirken“, teilte das Auswärtige Amt mit.
So spionierte der BND-Mann für die USA
Zwischen 2012 und 2014 soll der Mitarbeiter der BND-Einsatzstelle Ausland insgesamt 218 BND-Geheimdokumente gestohlen und auf einem USB-Stick gespeichert haben, wie BILD erfuhr.
Bei drei konspirativen Treffen mit US-Geheimdienst-Mitarbeitern soll der BND-Mann, der im mittleren Dienst des deutschen Auslandsgeheimdienstes in der technischen Unterstützung tätig war, seinen Kontaktpersonen Hunderte Geheimdokumente für insgesamt 25 000 Euro verkauft haben.
Unter den Dokumenten befinden sich nach BILD-Informationen auch drei mit Bezug zum NSA-Untersuchungsausschuss des Bundestages.
Die SPD beantragte am Freitagnachmittag eine Sondersitzung des Parlamentarischen Kontrollgremiums und forderte eine Unterrichtung durch die Bundesregierung zum Sachstand des öffentlich gewordenen Spionagefalls im BND.
NSA-AFFÄRE
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Gab der BND mehr Informationen an die NSA weiter als bisher bekannt?
MEDIENBERICHT
BND leitete Abhör-Daten an NSA weiter
Der Bundesnachrichtendienst soll dem US-Dienst NSA jahrelang Zugriff auf deutsche Kommunikationsdaten gewährt haben.
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PREMIUM BILDPLUS INHALT
BLACKBERRY Q10 So funktioniert Merkels Krypto-Handy
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ANHÖRUNG IN STRASSBURG Snowden wundert sich über die Deutschen
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NSA-DOKUMENTE BEWEISEN Deutsche Daten halfen bei Tötungen
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PREMIUM BILDPLUS INHALT
NSA-ERMITTLUNGEN Darf unser Chefankläger nicht mehr in die USA?
Der deutsche Agent traf seine Kontakte in Österreich
Das erste Treffen des BND-Mitarbeiters mit Vertretern der US-Geheimdienste fand in Salzburg, die beiden weiteren Treffen ebenfalls in Österreich statt.
Bei dem ersten und dem dritten Treffen soll der BND-Mitarbeiter jeweils 10 000 Euro und beim zweiten Treffen 5000 Euro als Informationshonorar kassiert haben. Ein viertes Treffen mit US-Geheimdienstmitarbeitern soll nach BILD-Informationen für den 9. Juli in Prag verabredet gewesen sein.
USB-Stick bei Wohnungsdurchsuchung entdeckt
Bei einer Durchsuchung seiner Wohnung und der Wohnung seiner Lebensgefährtin stellten die Ermittler der Staatsanwaltschaft und der Polizei nach BILD-Informationen sowohl den fraglichen USB-Stick als auch weitere Dokumente sowie den Privatrechner des Mannes sicher. Noch unklar ist, ob der Verdächtige weitere BND-Dokumente besessen hat.
DER EHEMALIGE NSA-AGENT THOMAS DRAKE
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Der ehemalige NSA-Agent Thomas Drake – er droht mit weiteren Enthüllungen
ABHÖR-AFFÄRE
Ex-NSA-Agent droht BND mit Enthüllungen
Ex-NSA-Agent Thomas Drake sagt Donnerstag im NSA-Untersuchungsausschuss aus. Doch er schon vorab brisante Details.
mehr…
Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel (CDU) ist bereits seit gestern über den Fall informiert. Dies teilte Regierungssprecher Steffen Seibert mit.
Er sprach von einem „sehr ernsthaften Vorgang”. Die Bundesregierung werde nun abwarten, was die polizeilichen Ermittlungen ergäben und dann handeln. Spionage für ausländische Dienste sei nichts, „was wir auf die leichte Schulter nehmen”, hob Seibert hervor.
Seibert wollte sich nicht dazu äußern, ob der Fall auch bei einem Telefonat der Kanzlerin am Donnerstagabend mit US-Präsident Barack Obama eine Rolle spielte.
Die USA schweigen: Eine Sprecherin des Nationalen Sicherheitsrats in Washington wollte die Angelegenheit nicht kommentieren.
Kurios: Der 31-Jährige war ursprünglich unter dem Verdacht festgenommen worden, Kontakt zum russischen Geheimdienst gesucht zu haben.
Unabhängig vom aktuellen Verdachtsfall haben die deutschen Sicherheitsbehörden schon seit Längerem befürchtet, dass der Ausschuss von ausländischen Nachrichtendiensten ausspioniert werden könnte.
An die Obleute des Untersuchungsausschusses wurden bereits Kryptohandys zur verschlüsselten Kommunikation ausgegeben. Zudem wurden die Sicherheitsvorkehrungen in der Geheimschutzstelle des Bundestages verstärkt. Dort können Abgeordnete als geheim klassifizierte Unterlagen einsehen.
04.07.2014 – 18:24 Uhr
Von FRANZ SOLMS-LAUBACH
Find this story at 4 July 2014
Copyright http://www.bild.de

Van nieuwsblog.burojansen.nl

Ein BND-Mitarbeiter steht im Verdacht, den NSA-Untersuchungsausschuss des Bundestages im Auftrag eines US-Geheimdienstes ausspioniert zu haben. Die Bundesanwaltschaft hatte den 31-jährigen Deutschen gestern wegen des dringenden Verdachts der geheimdienstlichen Agententätigkeit festnehmen lassen, aber keine Details des Falls mitgeteilt. Das erfuhren NDR, WDR und “Süddeutsche Zeitung” aus Regierungskreisen.
Der Ausschuss soll die Hintergründe der von dem ehemaligen US-Geheimdienstler Edward Snowden enthüllten Spähaffäre aufklären. Unter anderem will er die Rolle des BND beleuchten. Die Affäre um die Aktivitäten der National Security Agency (NSA) hatte vergangenes Jahr zwischen Berlin und Washington für eine schwere Verstimmung gesorgt.
BND-Mitarbeiter soll NSA-Ausschuss für USA ausspioniert haben
tagesschau 02:06 Uhr, 05.07.2014, Robin Lautenbach, ARD Berlin/Georg Mascolo, NDR
Download der Videodatei
Über den Untersuchungsausschuss berichtet
Der BND-Mitarbeiter soll mehrfach von dem US-Geheimdienst befragt worden sein und diesem mindestens einmal über die Aktivitäten des NSA-Untersuchungsausschusses berichtet haben. Der 31-Jährige war unter dem Verdacht festgenommen worden, Kontakt zum russischen Geheimdienst gesucht zu haben. In Vernehmungen soll der BND-Mitarbeiter dann aber gestanden haben, Informationen an einen US-Dienst geliefert zu haben.
Stefan Wels vom NDR sagte in der tagesschau, die Ermittler hätten das Haus der Verdächtigen durchsucht und dabei einen USB-Stick sichergestellt. Dieser werde ausgewertet.
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Die Ermittler überprüfen derzeit die Angaben des Verdächtigen. Sicherheitsbehörden schließen nicht aus, dass der Mann in der Vernehmung falsche Angaben gemacht hat.
US-Botschafter ins Auswärtige Amt gebeten
Sollte sich der Verdacht einer Agententätigkeit für die USA bestätigen, wäre dies der bisher größte Skandal um einen deutsch-amerikanischen Doppelagenten in der Nachkriegszeit – und Deutschland und die USA stünden vor einem neuen Geheimdienstskandal. Regierungssprecher Steffen Seibert bezeichnete den Fall als “ernsthaft”. Von SPD, Grünen und Linkspartei wurde der Ruf nach diplomatischen Konsequenzen laut, sollte sich der Spionage-Verdacht bestätigen.
Das Auswärtige Amt in Berlin bat US-Botschafter John Emerson zu einem Gespräch. Er sei gebeten worden, “an einer zügigen Aufklärung mitzuwirken”, erklärte das Ministerium. Die US-Regierung blieb dagegen wortkarg: “Kein Kommentar.”
Selbst den Amerikanern angeboten?
“Spiegel Online” berichtete, der Mann sei beim BND im Mittleren Dienst beschäftigt gewesen. Er habe sich dem US-Dienst selbst als Spion angeboten und dafür Geld verlangt. Laut Nachrichtenagentur Reuters arbeitete der 31-Jährige in der BND-Poststelle.
Nach Informationen der “Bild”-Zeitung war der Mann zwei Jahre lang ein Doppelagent. Das Blatt berichtete unter Berufung auf Sicherheitskreise, dass er seit 2012 insgesamt 218 BND-Geheimpapiere gestohlen und auf einem USB-Stick gespeichert habe. Bei drei konspirativen Treffen mit US-Geheimdienstlern in Österreich habe er Dokumente für insgesamt 25.000 Euro verkauft. Darunter seien auch mindestens drei Dokumente mit Bezug zum NSA-Ausschuss gewesen.
Stand: 04.07.2014 19:09 Uhr
Find this story at 4 July 2014
© ARD-aktuell / tagesschau.de

Van nieuwsblog.burojansen.nl

Der Bundesnachrichtendienst soll mehr als drei Jahre lang Telefondaten in Frankfurt abgefangen und direkt an den US-Geheimdienst NSA weitergeleitet haben. Die Aktion sei beendet worden, weil sie als „politisch viel zu heikel“ galt, berichten Medien unter Berufung auf einen Insider.
Der Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) soll laut Recherchen von „Süddeutscher Zeitung“ sowie den Sendern NDR und WDR jahrelang Telefondaten direkt an die NSA weitergeleitet haben. Noch im vergangenen Jahr hatten hochrangige Behördenvertreter gegenüber dem zuständigen Parlamentarischen Kontrollgremium zwar zugegeben, dass sie einen Datenknotenpunkt in Frankfurt am Main anzapfen würden – aber laut der “Süddeutschen Zeitung” nicht erwähnt, dass sie einen Teil dieser Rohdaten an die NSA weitergeleitet hatten.
Gerüchte gab es schon lange
Gerüchte, dass die NSA den Frankfurter Datenknotenpunkt angezapft hätte, gab es spätestens seit den Enthüllungen durch Edward Snowden. Schließlich ist Frankfurt der wichtigste Telekommunikationsstandort Europas. Deshalb soll die NSA laut „Süddeutscher Zeitung“ darauf gedrängt haben, einen direkten Zugriff auf den Datenknoten zu erhalten. Der damalige Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schröder (SPD) habe dies jedoch verweigert. Dass der BND von da an einen Teil der Daten an die Amerikaner weitergeleitet hätte, sei demnach ein Kompromiss gewesen. Außerdem soll es eine Vereinbarung zwischen NSA und BND gegeben haben, dass keine Daten deutscher Staatsbürger übermittelt werden.
Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Gerhard Schröder, Edward snowden, Geheimdienste, Frankfurt am Main, Telefondaten, BND, Bundesnachrichtendienst, NSA
Operation wurde erst 2007 beendet
Die Operation soll von 2004 bis 2007 gedauert haben. Zu Beginn der Zusammenarbeit regierte im Bund Rot-Grün, verantwortlich war zunächst der damalige Kanzleramtschef und heutige Außenminister Frank-Walter Steinmeier (SPD). Die Einstellung der Kooperation begründete ein „mit den Abläufen vertrauter Beteiligter“ gegenüber der “Süddeutschen” damit, dass sie „politisch viel zu heikel“ gewesen sei. Die NSA habe die Operation fortführen wollen.
BND fasst weiterhin „interessante Ergebnisse“ zusammen
Seitdem haben angeblich nur noch die deutschen Nachrichtendienste Zugriff auf den Knotenpunkt in Frankfurt – zumindest stellten es Regierungskreise gegenüber dem Recherche-Team von Süddeutschen Zeitung, NRD und WDR so dar. Doch auch wenn die NSA keine Rohdaten mehr erhalte, so liefere der BND den US-Kollegen nach wie vor Zusammenfassungen interessanter Ergebnisse.
Donnerstag, 26.06.2014, 19:24
Find this story at 26 June 2014
Copyright http://www.focus.de/

Van nieuwsblog.burojansen.nl

Wie eng BND und NSA zusammenarbeiten, hat der SPIEGEL kürzlich enthüllt. Jetzt berichten Medien, der deutsche Geheimdienst habe vor Jahren auch Daten aus einem Netzknoten in Frankfurt weitergegeben. Bis es “zu heikel” wurde.
Über mehrere Jahre hinweg hat der BND offenbar Telefondaten aus seiner eigenen Sammlung an die NSA weitergegeben. Die “Süddeutsche Zeitung”, NDR und WDR berichten unter Berufung auf einen Insider, der BND habe von 2004 bis 2007 den amerikanischen Kollegen Daten weitergeleitet, die er an einem angezapften Datenknotenpunkt in Frankfurt abgefangen habe. Weil diese Form der Zusammenarbeit offenbar “zu heikel” war, wurde sie 2007 beendet.
Dass sich der Bundesnachrichtendienst in Frankfurt Zugriff auf den Internetverkehr verschafft hat, war bereits bekannt. Nach dem Gesetz muss der deutsche Geheimdient streng filtern, denn deutsche Bürger darf er nicht überwachen. Erst kürzlich wurde im Rahmen des NSA-Untersuchungsausschusses nach den Snowden-Enthüllungen auch die Abhörpraxis des BND genauer beleuchtet und kritisiert.
Nach den Enthüllungen Edward Snowdens wird generell auch vermehrt auf die Rolle der deutschen Dienste geschaut: Nachdem die Bundesregierung von den Machenschaften der NSA nichts gewusst haben will, enthüllten der SPIEGEL und SPIEGEL ONLINE vor einigen Tagen ein ganzes Dossier von Dokumenten aus dem Snowden-Fundus. Die als geheim eingestuften Schriftstücke geben nicht nur Auskunft über die Niederlassungen der NSA in Deutschland (unter anderem übrigens in Frankfurt), sondern auch einen Einblick in die enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem BND und seinen amerikanischen Kollegen.
25. Juni 2014, 19:43 Uhr
Find this story at 25 June 2014
© SPIEGEL ONLINE 2014

Van nieuwsblog.burojansen.nl

Als “politisch viel zu heikel” wurde diese Zusammenarbeit von NSA und BND 2007 eingestellt. Zuvor aber hatte der Bundesnachrichtendienst jahrelang einen Datenknoten in Frankfurt angezapft und Rohdaten an die Amerikaner weitergeleitet. Ursprünglich soll die NSA noch mehr gefordert haben.
Der US-Geheimdienst NSA hatte mit Hilfe des Bundesnachrichtendienstes (BND) in Frankfurt jahrelang Zugriff auf große Mengen von Telekommunikationsdaten. Nach Recherchen von Süddeutscher Zeitung, NDR und WDR leitete der BND in der Zeit der rot-grünen Bundesregierung mindestens drei Jahre lang in Frankfurt abgefangene Rohdaten direkt an den US-Partnerdienst weiter. Als Kanzleramtschef verantwortlich war damals zunächst der heutige Außenminister Frank-Walter Steinmeier (SPD).
Die Operation von BND und NSA, die von 2004 bis 2007 gedauert haben soll, wurde beendet, weil die Aktion “politisch viel zu heikel” gewesen sei, erinnert sich ein mit den Abläufen vertrauter Beteiligter. Die NSA habe gegen die Einstellung der Operation protestiert.
Nach einer damals zwischen NSA und BND geschlossenen Vereinbarung seien Daten deutscher Staatsbürger dabei jedoch nicht übermittelt worden. Ein Sprecher der Bundesregierung erklärte auf Anfrage dazu: Die Arbeit des Auslandsnachrichtendienstes BND unterliege “der parlamentarischen Kontrolle. Grundsätzlich gilt daher, dass der BND zu Aspekten seiner operativen Arbeit ausschließlich der Bundesregierung und den zuständigen, geheim tagenden Gremien des Deutschen Bundestages berichtet”.
Schröder verweigerte NSA direkten Zugang
Wie mehrere Quellen erklären, sei der Fall Frankfurt im vergangenen Jahr von der Spitze des BND in dem zuständigen Parlamentarischen Kontrollgremium vorgetragen worden. Dabei sei aber lediglich erklärt worden, der BND zapfe an diesem Datenknotenpunkt Leitungen an. Es sei aber nicht erwähnt worden, dass der BND über Jahre einen Teil der Daten an die NSA weitergeleitet habe.
Es soll sich bei der 2004 gestarteten deutsch-amerikanischen Zusammenarbeit um einen Kompromiss gehandelt haben. Zuvor sollen die Amerikaner darauf gedrungen haben, ihnen einen direkten Zugriff am Telekommunikationsstandort Frankfurt zu gewähren. Diesen Zugang soll die damalige Bundesregierung unter Kanzler Gerhard Schröder (SPD) verweigert haben, aber dafür im Gegenzug einer Weiterleitung von Teilen der abgefangenen Daten zugestimmt haben.
Frankfurt ist Telekommunikationsstandort Nummer eins in Europa und Drehkreuz für den nationalen wie internationalen Internetverkehr. In der Vergangenheit hatte es im Zuge der Snowden-Debatte Gerüchte gegeben, dass die NSA in der Vergangenheit Zugriff auf Daten in Frankfurt gehabt habe. “Wenn ein ausländischer Dienst den Internetknoten in Frankfurt anzapfen würde, wäre das eine Verletzung unserer Souveränitätsrechte”, hatte im vergangenen Jahr der damalige Innenminister Hans-Peter Friedrich (CSU) erklärt.
Nach Angaben aus Regierungskreisen lauschen heute am Knotenpunkt Frankfurt angeblich nur die deutschen Dienste. Statt Rohdaten erhalte die NSA lediglich Zusammenfassungen interessanter Erkenntnisse.
25. Juni 2014 18:07 Geheimdienste
Von Hans Leyendecker, Georg Mascolo und Frederik Obermaier
Find this story at 25 June 2014
Copyright: Süddeutsche Zeitung Digitale Medien GmbH / Süddeutsche Zeitung GmbH

Van nieuwsblog.burojansen.nl

An analysis of secret documents leaked by Edward Snowden demonstrates that the NSA is more active in Germany than anywhere else in Europe — and that data collected here may have helped kill suspected terrorists.
Just before Christmas 2005, an unexpected event disrupted the work of American spies in the south-central German city of Wiesbaden. During the installation of a fiber-optic cable near the Rhine River, local workers encountered a suspicious metal object, possibly an undetonated World War II explosive. It was certainly possible: Adolf Hitler’s military had once maintained a tank repair yard in the Wiesbaden neighborhood of Mainz-Kastel.
The Americans — who maintained what was officially known as a “Storage Station” on Ludwig Wolker Street — prepared an evacuation plan. And on Jan. 24, 2006, analysts with the National Security Agency (NSA) cleared out their offices, cutting off the intelligence agency’s access to important European data streams for an entire day, a painfully long time. The all-clear only came that night: The potential ordinance turned out to be nothing more than a pile of junk.
Residents in Mainz-Kastel knew nothing of the incident.
Of course, everybody living there knows of the 20-hectare (49-acre) US army compound. A beige wall topped with barbed wire protects the site from the outside world; a sign outside warns, “Beware, Firearms in Use!”
Americans in uniform have been part of the cityscape in Wiesbaden for decades, and local businesses have learned to cater to their customers from abroad. Used-car dealerships post their prices in dollars and many Americans are regulars at the local brewery. “It is a peaceful coexistence,” says Christa Gabriel, head of the Mainz-Kastel district council.
But until now, almost nobody in Wiesbaden knew that Building 4009 of the “Storage Station” houses one of the NSA’s most important European data collection centers. Its official name is the European Technical Center (ETC), and, as documents from the archive of whistleblower Edward Snowden show, it has been expanded in recent years. From an American perspective, the program to improve the center — which was known by the strange code name “GODLIKELESION” — was badly needed. In early 2010, for example, the NSA branch office lost power 150 times within the space just a few months — a serious handicap for a service that strives to monitor all of the world’s data traffic.
On Sept. 19, 2011, the Americans celebrated the reopening of the refurbished ETC, and since then, the building has been the NSA’s “primary communications hub” in Europe. From here, a Snowden document outlines, huge amounts of data are intercepted and forwarded to “NSAers, warfighters and foreign partners in Europe, Africa and the Middle East.” The hub, the document notes, ensures the reliable transfer of data for “the foreseeable future.”
Soon the NSA will have an even more powerful and modern facility at their disposal: Just five kilometers away, in the Clay Kaserne, a US military complex located in the Erbenheim district of Wiesbaden, the “Consolidated Intelligence Center” is under construction. It will house data-monitoring specialists from Mainz-Kastel. The project in southern Hesse comes with a price tag of $124 million (€91 million). When finished, the US government will be even better equipped to satisfy its vast hunger for data.
One year after Edward Snowden made the breadth of the NSA’s global data monitoring public, much remains unknown about the full scope of the intelligence service’s activities in Germany. We know that the Americans monitored the mobile phone of German Chancellor Angela Merkel and we know that there are listening posts in the US Embassy in Berlin and in the Consulate General in Frankfurt.
But much remains in the dark. The German government has sent lists of questions to the US government on several occasions, and a parliamentary investigative committee has begun looking into the subject in Berlin. Furthermore, Germany’s chief public prosecutor has initiated an investigation into the NSA — albeit one currently limited to its monitoring of the chancellor’s cell phone and not the broader allegation that it spied on the communications of the German public. Neither the government nor German lawmakers nor prosecutors believe they will receive answers from officials in the United States.
German Left Party politician Jan Korte recently asked just how much the German government knows about American spying activities in Germany. The answer: Nothing. The NSA’s promise to send a package including all relevant documents to re-establish transparency between the two governments has been quietly forgotten by the Americans.
In response, SPIEGEL has again reviewed the Snowden documents relating to Germany and compiled a Germany File of original documents pertaining to the NSA’s activities in the country that are now available for download here. SPIEGEL has reported on the contents of some of the documents over the course of the past year. The content of others is now being written about for the first time. Some passages of the documents have been redacted in order to remove sensitive information like the names of NSA employees or those of the German foreign intelligence service, the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND). This week’s reports are also based on documents and information from other sources.
An Omnipotent American Authority
The German public has a right to know exactly what the NSA is doing in Germany, and should be given the ability to draw its own conclusions about the extent of the US intelligence agency’s activities in the country and the scope of its cooperation with German agencies when it comes to, for example, the monitoring of fiber-optic cables.
The German archive provides the basis for a critical discussion on the necessity and limits of secret service work as well as on the protection of privacy in the age of digital communication. The documents complement the debate over a trans-Atlantic relationship that has been severely damaged by the NSA affair.
They paint a picture of an all-powerful American intelligence agency that has developed an increasingly intimate relationship with Germany over the past 13 years while massively expanding its presence. No other country in Europe plays host to a secret NSA surveillance architecture comparable to the one in Germany. It is a web of sites defined as much by a thirst for total control as by the desire for security. In 2007, the NSA claimed to have at least a dozen active collection sites in Germany.
The documents indicate that the NSA uses its German sites to search for a potential target by analyzing a “Pattern of Life,” in the words of one Snowden file. And one classified report suggests that information collected in Germany is used for the “capture or kill” of alleged terrorists.
According to Paragraph 99 of Germany’s criminal code, spying is illegal on German territory, yet German officials would seem to know next to nothing about the NSA’s activity in their country. For quite some time, it appears, they didn’t even want to know. It wasn’t until Snowden went public with his knowledge that the German government became active.
On June 11, August 26 and October 24 of last year, Berlin sent a catalogue of questions to the US government. During a visit to NSA headquarters at Fort Meade, Maryland at the beginning of November, German intelligence heads Gerhard Schindler (of the BND) and Hans-Georg Maassen (of the domestic intelligence agency, known as the Office for the Protection of the Constitution or BfV) asked the most important questions in person and, for good measure, handed over a written list. No answers have been forthcoming. This leaves the Snowden documents as the best source for describing how the NSA has turned Germany into its most important base in Europe in the wake of the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001.
The NSA’s European Headquarters
On March 10, 2004, two US generals — Richard J. Quirk III of the NSA and John Kimmons, who was the US Army’s deputy chief of staff for intelligence — finalized an agreement to establish an operations center in Germany, the European Security Center (ESC), to be located on US Army property in the town of Griesheim near Darmstadt, Germany. That center is now the NSA’s most important listening station in Europe.
The NSA had already dispatched an initial team to southern Germany in early 2003. The agency stationed a half-dozen analysts at the its European headquarters in Stuttgart’s Vaihingen neighborhood, where their work focused largely on North Africa. The analysts’ aims, according to internal documents, included providing support to African governments in securing borders and ensuring that they didn’t offer safe havens to terrorist organizations or their accomplices.
The work quickly bore fruit. It became increasingly easy to track the movements of suspicious persons in Mali, Mauritania and Algeria through the surveillance of satellite telephones. NSA workers passed information on to the US military’s European Command, with some also being shared with individual governments in Africa. A US government document states that the intelligence insights have “been responsible for the capture or kill of over 40 terrorists and has helped achieve GWOT (Global War on Terror) and regional policy successes in Africa.”
Is Germany an NSA Beachhead?
The documents in Snowden’s archive raise the question of whether Germany has become a beachhead for America’s deadly operations against suspected terrorists — and whether the CIA and the American military use data collected in Germany in the deployment of its combat drones. When asked about this by SPIEGEL, the NSA declined to respond.
The operations of the NSA’s analysts in Stuttgart were so successful that the intelligence agency quickly moved to expand its presence. In 2004, the Americans obtained approximately 1,000 square meters (10,750 square feet) of office space in Griesheim to host 59 workers who monitored communications in an effort to “optimize support to Theater operations” of the US Armed Forces. Ten years later, the center, although largely used by the military, has become the NSA’s most important outpost in Europe — with a mandate that goes far beyond providing support for the US military.
In 2011, around 240 intelligence service analysts were working at the Griesheim facility, known as the Dagger Complex. It was a “diverse mix of military service members, Department of the Army civilians, NSA civilians, and contractors,” an internal document states. They were responsible for both collecting and analyzing international communication streams. One member of the NSA pointed out proudly that they were responsible for every step in the process: collection, processing, analyzing and distribution.
In May 2011, the installation was renamed the European Center for Cryptology (ECC) and the NSA integrated its Threat Operations Center, responsible for early danger identification, into the site. A total of 26 reconnaissance missions are managed from the Griesheim complex, which has since become the center of the “largest Analysis and Production activity in Europe,” with satellite stations in Mons, Belgium, and in Great Britain. Internal documents indicate that the ECC is the operative intelligence arm of the NSA’s European leadership in Stuttgart.
Targets in Africa, Targets in Europe
Much of what happens in Griesheim is classic intelligence work and threat identification, but a presentation dating from 2012 suggests that European data streams are also monitored on a broad scale. One internal document states there are targets in Africa as well as targets in Europe. The reason being that “most terrorists stop thru Europe.” For reconnaissance, the document mentions, the ECC relies on its own intelligence gathering as well as data and assistance from Britain’s Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) intelligence service.
The latter is likely a reference to the Tempora program, located in the British town of Bude, which collects all Internet data passing through several major fiber-optic cables. GCHQ, working together with the NSA, saves the data that travels through these major European network connections for at least three days. The ECC claims to have access to at least part of the GCHQ data.
NSA staff in Griesheim use the most modern equipment available for the analysis of the data streams, using programs like XKeyscore, which allows for the deep penetration of Internet traffic. Xkeyscore’s sheer power even awakened the interest of Germany’s BND foreign intelligence service as well as that of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, which is responsible for monitoring extremists and possible terrorists within Germany.
An internal NSA report suggests that XKeyscore was being used at Griesheim not only to collect metadata — e.g. the who, what, where, with whom and at what time — but also the content of actual communications. “Raw content” is saved for a period of between “3 days to a couple of weeks,” an ECC slide states. The metadata are stored for more than 90 days. The document states that XKeyscore also makes “complex analytics like ‘Pattern of Life'” possible.
The NSA said in a statement that XKeyscore is an element of its foreign intelligence gathering activities, but it was using the program lawfully and that it allows the agency to help “defend the nation and protect US and allied troops abroad.” The statement said it engages in “extensive, close consultations” with the German government. In a statement provided to SPIEGEL, NSA officials pointed to a policy directive Barack Obama issued in January in which the US president affirmed that all persons, regardless of nationality, have legitimate privacy interests, and that privacy and civil liberties “shall be integral considerations in the planning of US signals intelligence activities.”
The statement reveals the significant gap between Germany’s understanding of what surveillance means and that of the Americans. In overseas operations, the NSA does not consider searching through emails to be surveillance as long as they are only stored temporarily. It is only considered to be a deeper encroachment on privacy when this data is transferred to the agency’s databases and saved for a longer period of time. The US doesn’t see it as a contradiction when Obama ensures that people won’t be spied upon, even as the NSA continues monitoring email traffic. The NSA did not respond to SPIEGEL’s more detailed questions about the agency’s outposts in Germany.
‘The Endangered Habitat of the NSA Spies’
The bustling activity inside the Dagger Complex listening station at Griesheim stands in stark contrast to its outward appearance. Only a few buildings can be recognized above ground, secured by two fences and a gate made of steel girders and topped by barbed wire.
Activist Daniel Bangart would love to see what is on the other side of that fence. He’s rattled the fence a number of times over the past year, but so far no one has let him in. Instead, he’s often been visited by police.
When Bangert first began inviting people to take a “walk” at Griesheim to “explore together the endangered habitat of the NSA spies,” he intended it as a kind of subversive satirical act. But with each new revelation from the Snowden archive, the 29-year-old has taken the issue more seriously. These days, the heating engineer — who often wears a T-shirt emblazoned with “Team Edward” — and a small group of campaigners regularly attempt to provoke employees at the Dagger Complex. He has developed his own method of counter-espionage: He writes down the license plate numbers of suspected spies from Wiesbaden and Stuttgart.
At one point, the anti-surveillance activist even tried to initiate a dialogue with a few of the Americans. At a street fair in Griesheim, he convinced one to join him for a beer, but the man only answered Bangert’s questions with queries of his own. Bangert says another American told him: “What is your problem? We are watching you!”
Spying as They Please
It’s possible Bangert has also attracted the attention of another NSA site, located in the US Consulate General in Frankfurt, not far from Griesheim. The “Special Collection Service” (SCS) is a listening station that German public prosecutors have taken a particular interest in since announcing earlier this month that it was launching an investigation into the spying on Angela Merkel’s mobile phone. The trail leads from the Chancellery in Berlin via the US Embassy next to the Brandenburg Gate and continues all the way to Laurel, Maryland, north of Washington DC.
That’s where the SCS is headquartered. The service is operated together by the NSA and the CIA and has agents spread out across the globe. They are the eyes and ears of the US and, as one internal document notes, establish a “Home field advantage in adversary’s space.”
The SCS is like a two-parent household, says Ron Moultrie, formerly the service’s vice president. “We must be mindful of both ‘parents’.” Every two years, leadership is swapped between the NSA and the CIA. The SCS, says Moultrie, is “truly a hybrid.” It is divided into four departments, including the “Mission Support Office” and the “Field Operations Office,” which is made up of a Special Operations unit and a center for signal development. In Laurel, according to internal documents, the NSA has established a relay station for communications intercepted overseas and a site for training.
Employees are stationed in US embassies and consulates in crisis regions, but are also active in countries that are considered neutral, like Austria. The agents are protected by diplomatic accreditation, even though their job isn’t covered by the international agreements guaranteeing diplomatic immunity: They spy pretty much as they please. For many years, SCS agents claimed to be working for the ominous-sounding “Defense Communications Support Group.” Sometimes, they said they worked for something called the “Defense Information Systems Agency.”
Spying Stations, from Athens the Zagreb
According to an internal document from 2011, information related to the SCS and the sites it maintains was to be kept classified for at least 75 years. It argued that if the agency’s activities were ever revealed, it would hamper the “effectiveness of intelligence methods currently in use” and result in “serious harm” to relations between the US and foreign governments.
In 1979, there were just over 40 such SCS branch offices. During the chilliest days of the Cold War, the number reached a high point of 88 only to drop significantly after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. But following the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attacks, the government established additional sites, bringing the number of SCS spy stations around the world up to a total of around 80 today. The documents indicate that the SCS maintains two sites in Germany: in the US Consulate General in Frankfurt and the US Embassy in Berlin, just a few hundred meters away from the Chancellery.
The German agencies responsible for defending against and pursuing espionage — the Office for the Protection of the Constitution and the office of the chief federal prosecutor — are particularly interested in the technology deployed by the SCS. The database entry relating to Merkel’s cell phone, which SPIEGEL first reported on in October 2013, shows that the SCS was responsible for its surveillance.
According to an internal presentation about the work done by the SCS, equipment includes an antenna rotator known as “Einstein,” a database for analysis of microwaves called “Interquake” and a program called “Sciatica” that allows for the collection of signals transmitted in gigahertz frequencies. A program called “Birdwatcher,” which intercepts encrypted signals and prepares them for analysis, can be remotely controlled from the SCS headquarters in Maryland. The tool allows the NSA to identify protected “Virtual Private Networks” or VPNs that might be of interest. VPNs are used by many companies and embassies for internal communication.
200 American Intelligence Workers in Germany
Following the revelations that Merkel’s mobile phone had been monitored, Hans-Georg Maassen of the domestic intelligence agency BfV, turned to US Ambassador to Germany John Emerson to learn more about the technology and the people behind it. Maassen also wanted to know what private contractors the NSA was working with in Germany. When Emerson said during a visit to the Chancellery that he assumed the questions had been straightened out, Maassen countered, in writing, that they remained pertinent.
Maassen says he received a “satisfactory” answer from Emerson about intelligence employees. But that could be because the US government has officially accredited a number of the intelligence workers it has stationed in Germany. SPIEGEL research indicates more than 200 Americans are registered as diplomats in Germany. There are also employees with private firms who are contracted by the NSA but are not officially accredited.
The list of questions the German government sent to the US Embassy makes it clear that German intelligence badly needs help. “Are there Special Collection Services in Germany?” reads one question. “Do you conduct surveillance in Germany?” And: “Is this reconnaissance targeted against German interests? ” There are many questions, but no answers.
Ultimately, Maassen will have to explain to the parliamentary investigative committee what he has learned about US spying in Germany and how he intends to fulfill his legally mandated task of preventing espionage. The explanation provided by the BfV thus far — that it is uncertain whether the chancellor was spied on from the US Embassy in Berlin or remotely from the headquarters in Maryland, making it unclear whether German anti-espionage officials should get involved — is certainly an odd one. Germany’s domestic intelligence agency is responsible for every act of espionage targeting the country, no matter where it originates. Cyber-attacks from China are also viewed by the BfV as espionage, even if they are launched from Shanghai.
The order to monitor the chancellor was issued by the department S2C32, the NSA unit responsible for Europe. In 2009, Merkel was included in a list of 122 heads of state and government being spied on by the NSA. The NSA collects all citations relating to a specific person, including the different ways of referring to them, in a database called “Nymrod.”
The NSA introduced Nymrod in January 2008 and the entries refer to a kind of register of “intelligence reports from NSA, CIA, and DoD (Department of Defense) databases.” In Merkel’s case, there are more than 300 reports from the year 2009 in which the chancellor is mentioned. The content of these reports is not included in the documents, but according to a Nymrod description from 2008, the database is a collection of “SIGINT-Targets.” SIGINT stands for signals intelligence.
Collection Sites in Germany
Is it possible that the German government really knew nothing about all of these NSA activities within Germany? Are they really — as they claimed in August 2013 in response to a query from the center-left Social Democratic Party (SPD) — “unaware of the surveillance stations used by the NSA in Germany”?
That is difficult to believe, especially given that the NSA has been active in Germany for decades and has cooperated closely with the country’s foreign intelligence agency, the BND, which is overseen by the Chancellery. A top-secret NSA paper from January 2013 notes: “NSA established a relationship with its SIGINT counterpart in Germany, the BND-TA, in 1962, which includes extensive analytical, operational, and technical exchanges.”
When the cooperation with its junior partner from West Germany began, the NSA was just 10 years old and maintained stations in Augsburg and West Berlin in addition to its European headquarters in Stuttgart-Vaihingen.
American intelligence agencies, like those of the three other World War II victors, immediately began to monitor Germans within their zones of occupation, as confirmed by internal guidelines relating to the evaluation of reports stemming from the years 1946 to 1967.
In 1955, the British and French reduced their surveillance of Germans and focused on operations further to the east. The Americans, however, did not and continued to monitor telephone and other transmissions both within Germany and between the country and others in Western Europe. By the mid 1950s, US spies may have been listening in on some 5 million telephone conversations per year in Germany.
The easternmost NSA surveillance post in Europe during the Cold War was the Field Station Berlin, located on Teufelsberg (Devil’s Mountain) in West Berlin. The hill is made from the rubble left over from World War II — and the agents operating from its top were apparently extremely competent. They won the coveted Travis Trophy, awarded by the NSA each year to the best surveillance post worldwide, four times.
‘A Perpetual State of Domination’
Josef Foschepoth, a German historian, refers to German-American relations as “a perpetual state of domination.” He speaks of a “common law developed over the course of 60 years” allowing for uncontrolled US surveillance in Germany. Just how comprehensive this surveillance was — and remains — can be seen from the so-called SIGAD lists, which are part of the Snowden archive. SIGAD stands for “Signal Intelligence Activity Designator” and refers to intelligence sources that intercept radio or telephone signals. Every US monitoring facility carries a code name made up of letters and numbers.
Documents indicate that the Americans often opened new SIGAD facilities and closed old ones over the decades, with a total of around 150 prior to the fall of the Wall. The technology used for such surveillance operations has advanced tremendously since then, with modern fiber-optic cables largely supplanting satellite communications. Data has become digital, making the capture of large quantities of it far easier.
The Snowden documents include a 2007 list that goes all the way back to 1917 and includes the names of many former and still active US military installations as well as other US facilities that are indicated as sites of data collection. It notes that a number of the codes listed are no longer in operation, and a deactivation date is included for at least a dozen. In other instances, the document states that the closing date is either unknown or that the SIGADs in question are still in operation. These latter codes include sites in Frankfurt, Berlin, Bad Aibling and Stuttgart — all places still known to have an active NSA presence.
Because Americans tended to monitor their targets themselves, Germany’s BND long had little to offer, creating a largely one-sided relationship in which the Germans played the subservient role. Only at the beginning of the last decade did the nature of the cooperation begin to change, partially as a result of the BND’s successful effort to massively upgrade its technical abilities, as an internal NSA document notes approvingly. But the pecking order in the relationship has remained constant.
The former East Germany appears to have been better informed about the NSA’s spying activities than Berlin currently claims to be. The NSA’s work was known to the Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung (HVA), East Germany’s foreign intelligence agency, a unit of the Ministry for State Security, the secret police more commonly known as the “Stasi.” One internal Stasi document noted of the NSA: “This secret intelligence service of the USA saves all radio signals, conversations, etc., around the globe from friends and foes.”
At the beginning of 1990, right after the Berlin Wall fell, HVA officers delivered around 40 binders with copies of NSA documents — obtained by two spies — to the Stasi’s central archive. The HVA officers wanted to preserve the highly controversial material for historians and others who might be interested in it.
Not Enough for the USA
After US diplomats were informed by the German Federal Prosecutor of the documents’ existence, Washington began applying pressure on the German government to hand over the NSA files. Finally, in July 1992, employees of the German agency responsible for executing the Stasi archive handed “two sealed containers with US documents” over to the German Federal Border Guard, which in turn delivered them to the Interior Ministry. Once in possession of them, the Americans used the files as evidence in the trial against a former NSA employee who had spied for East Germany.
Apparently the first haul of documents wasn’t enough for the NSA. In 2008, during Merkel’s first term in office, several NSA employees visited the Stasi archives to view all the remaining documents — from the Stasi’s Main Department III, which was responsible for signals intelligence — containing information about US facilities.
The German Interior Ministry classified and blocked access to most of the material and they are no longer viewable by journalists or researchers. By the time Edward Snowden began publishing the NSA documents last year, only two files pertaining to the NSA remained available for viewing, and both were filled with harmless material. It is unlikely the remaining historical documents will be much help to the federal prosecutors now investigating the NSA.
But one person who could potentially contribute to clarifying the NSA’s role in Germany was in Munich this week. General Keith Alexander, who recently left his position as NSA chief, spoke at a conference organized by Deutsche Telekom on Monday night. When officials at the Federal Prosecutor’s Office were asked days before his keynote speech whether they would try to question Alexander as a witness, they, responded by saying, “We do not conduct criminal investigative proceedings publicly.”
It seems Germany’s chief federal investigator may ultimately follow the dictum given by Foschepoth: “The German government is more concerned about keeping the Americans happy than it is about our constitution.”
By Sven Becker, Hubert Gude, Judith Horchert, Andy Müller-Maguhn, Laura Poitras, Ole Reißmann, Marcel Rosenbach, Jörg Schindler, Fidelius Schmid, Michael Sontheimer and Holger Stark
Translated from the German by Charles Hawley and Daryl Lindsey
06/18/2014 04:20 PM
By SPIEGEL Staff
Find this story at 18 June 2014
© SPIEGEL ONLINE 2014

Van nieuwsblog.burojansen.nl

Several new Snowden-leaked documents show how closely Germany’s intelligence agencies work with the NSA. But did the German government deliberately soften laws protecting privacy to make life easier for them?
This week German news magazine Der Spiegel published the largest single set of files leaked by whistleblower and former US National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden. The roughly 50 documents show the depth of the German intelligence agencies’ collusion with the NSA.
They suggest that the German Intelligence Agency (BND), the country’s foreign spy agency, and the Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV), the German domestic spy agency, worked more closely with the NSA than they have admitted – and more than many observers thought.
NSA successes
The documents as published by Der Spiegel offer glimpses, but not a comprehensive view of what is essentially a transatlantic spy alliance. An NSA document from January 2013 shows the spirit of cooperation that existed between the NSA and first the BND and then the BfV, as well as the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI). The documents also show that the BND has been “eager” for closer ties with the NSA on an analytical and operational level since 1962.
NSA-Untersuchungsausschuss 05.06.2014 Berlin
Germany’s parliamentary committee wants to question Snowden
Among its “success stories,” the documents praise how the German government was able to weaken the public’s protection from surveillance. “The German government has changed its interpretation of the G10 law, which protects German citizens’ communications, to allow the BND to be more flexible with the sharing of protected information with foreign partners.” Germany’s G10 law regulates in what circumstances its intelligence agencies are allowed to break Article 10 of the German constitution, which guarantees the privacy of letters and telecommunications.
Malte Spitz, member of the German Green party and spokesman for the Federal Association of Media and Internet policy, is always concerned when the NSA celebrates such “successes” in Europe. “The important question is whether the chancellery helped the agencies to get the permissions that made far-reaching surveillance possible by offering an alternative interpretation of the G10 law,” he said.
Secretive list
Another document, entitled “JSA Restrictions,” raises further questions. JSA stands for Joint SigInt Activity – in other words, joint technical investigations of the NSA and the BND at a facility in Bad Aibling, Bavaria. Since the BND, as a foreign intelligence agency, is not allowed to spy on German citizens, the document guarantees that domains ending with the German “.de” can’t be investigated. Similarly excluded are all domain endings belonging to the so-called “Five Eyes” countries: Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Britain, and the US.
But since many German citizens use email addresses with endings like “.net”, “.com” or “.org”, the document includes a list of other Internet addresses that can’t be kept under surveillance either. This list is surprisingly short – comprising just 50 names – and bizarrely random. Apart from domains that might be expected, like bundeswehr.org, mercedes-benz.com, deutsche-bank and siemens.com, the list also contains addresses that seem completely willful: like feuerwehr-ingolstadt.org, (Ingolstadt fire brigade), orgelbau.com (organ manufacturer), and seniorenheim.com (senior citizens’ home).
“It would be funny if it wasn’t so serious,” says Andre Meister, editor of the Internet rights portal netzpolitik.org. “We don’t have a .de domain – netzpolitik.org – but unfortunately we’re not on the list either. So we have to assume we’re being kept under surveillance.” The same is true of German email services like gmx.net.
Malte Spitz Bündnis 90/Die Grünen
Spitz is concerned whenever the NSA boasts of success in Germany
Spitz can’t make any sense of the list, and he wants answers. Why are some companies on the list and not others? Why are there no email addresses of politicians or journalists on there? Who drew up the list? Was the BND, or even the chancellor’s office, involved?
Parliamentary committee
The German parliamentary committee set up to investigate NSA activities in Germany could provide answers to all these questions. It wanted to ask Edward Snowden directly, but he has refused to answer questions in Moscow, where he was granted asylum after the US revoked his passport. The Green party and the socialist Left party want to question him in Berlin, but Chancellor Angela Merkel is unlikely to want to provoke a conflict with the US.
At the start of June, parliamentarians from Germany’s governing parties, the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party had wanted to organize an informal meeting with Snowden in Moscow in early July. His lawyer said on Friday (20.06.2014), however, that this would be impossible. Now the committee has to decide how much it wants Snowden to testify. The ball is in the court of the government parties.
Date 21.06.2014
Author Marcus Lütticke / bk
Editor Nicole Goebel
Find this story at 21 June 2014
© 2014 Deutsche Welle

Van nieuwsblog.burojansen.nl

Nirgendwo in Europa ist die NSA so aktiv wie in Deutschland. Dutzende Dokumente aus dem Archiv von Edward Snowden, die SPIEGEL ONLINE nun veröffentlicht, offenbaren Details der Spionage – und die Kooperation mit den Deutschen.
Auf einer bayerischen Wiese, unter der hessischen Erde oder mitten in Berlin: Die Spione der NSA sitzen direkt in unserer Nachbarschaft. Das zeigt ein Satz von NSA-Dokumenten, die der SPIEGEL und SPIEGEL ONLINE jetzt veröffentlichen. Die Dokumente stammen aus dem Fundus des Whistleblowers Edward Snowden, sie sind quasi seine Deutschland-Akte.
Aus diesem Dossier geht hervor: Deutschland ist für den Geheimdienst der wichtigste Standort in Europa. In mehreren Einrichtungen werden Daten zusammengetragen und ausgewertet. Von Deutschland aus abgefangene Daten dienen offenbar auch dazu, Terrorverdächtige zu töten.
Die Veröffentlichung der Dokumente liegt auch im Interesse der Bundesregierung: Die hat bisher vergeblich bei den amerikanischen Partnern um Aufklärung gebeten – und weiß angeblich bis heute nicht genau, was die NSA in Deutschland treibt. Auch deshalb haben Sicherheitsbehörden und Politiker den SPIEGEL um Einsicht in die Snowden-Dokumente gebeten. Journalisten sind aber vor allem der Aufklärung der Öffentlichkeit verpflichtet – deshalb zeigen wir das Dossier öffentlich. Lediglich Namen, E-Mail-Adressen, Telefonnummern und – in begründeten Einzelfällen – konkrete Spionageziele haben wir in den Dokumenten zum Teil geschwärzt.
Direkt zu den Dokumenten: Snowdens Deutschland-Akte
Abkürzungen erklärt: So lesen Sie die NSA-Dokumente
Hier finden Sie außerdem das Material nach Standorten in Deutschland geordnet. Klicken Sie auf die Flaggen auf der Karte, dahinter verbergen sich eine Beschreibung der jeweiligen NSA-Einrichtung, Fotos und die Originaldokumente.
Einen Eindruck über die umfassende Überwachung geben auch die sogenannten Sigad-Listen aus dem Snowden-Archiv. Sigad steht für “Signal Intelligence Activity Designator”, bezeichnet also eine Stelle, an der oder von der aus technische Aufklärung betrieben werden kann – die Ergebnisse werden dann unter dieser Sigad an die NSA-Datenbanken weitergeleitet. Eine Liste mit historischen Sigads zeigt, dass es im Laufe der Jahrzehnte insgesamt rund 150 solcher Punkte in Deutschland gegeben hat. Viele sind mittlerweile außer Betrieb, für mindestens ein Dutzend wird kein Schließungsdatum genannt – laut Dokument ist es dann entweder nicht bekannt oder der jeweilige Standort ist noch aktiv. Zur besseren Lesbarkeit der Listen hat der SPIEGEL aus dem Material in diesem Fall ein eigenes Dokument erstellt:
Der Dokumentenschatz enthält allerdings viel mehr als nur Informationen zu den einzelnen Standorten des amerikanischen Geheimdienstes auf deutschem Boden. Interne Berichte beschreiben etwa die Kooperation der NSA mit den deutschen Diensten und sogar mit dem Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) – das die deutschen Nutzer eigentlich vor Cyber-Bedrohungen von außen schützen sollte.
Vor allem aber belegt das Deutschland-Dossier die enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen NSA und BND. Nicht nur abgefangene Informationen werden geteilt: Die NSA veranstaltet Lehrgänge, man zeigt sich gegenseitig Spähfähigkeiten und tauscht untereinander Überwachungssoftware aus. So haben die Deutschen das mächtige XKeyscore bekommen, die Amerikaner durften MIRA4 und VERAS ausprobieren.
Das Argument der Unwissenheit gilt nicht mehr
Der Datensatz zeigt auch, wie wohlwollend die NSA die Anstrengungen des BND um eine verstärkte Kooperation zur Kenntnis nimmt. In einem Dokument heißt es, die Regierung hätte ihre Interpretation des G-10-Gesetzes angepasst, damit der BND einfacher Daten mit Partnerdiensten tauschen könne. Eigentlich stellt das Gesetz die Kommunikation von Bürgern unter besonderen Schutz. Auch der britische Geheimdienst GCHQ hatte sich damit gebrüstet, bei der Auslegung des restriktiven Gesetzes geholfen zu haben. Die Bundesregierung will davon nichts wissen.
Ein Jahr nach den ersten Snowden-Enthüllungen steht fest: Die NSA-Affäre ist nicht beendet, die Vorwürfe sind nicht ausgeräumt, wie im August der damalige Kanzleramtsminister Ronald Pofalla und der damalige Innenminister Hans-Peter Friedrich behauptet hatten.
Sollten Zweifel an der Echtheit der Dokumente bestehen, sollte es Fragen zu ihrer Einordnung geben, könnte Edward Snowden zur Hilfe geholt werden. Wenn die Bundesregierung den Whistleblower endlich nach Deutschland holen würde, damit er vor dem parlamentarischen Untersuchungsausschuss und beim Generalbundesanwalt aussagen kann.
Lesen Sie mehr zur Aktivität der NSA in Deutschland in der Titelgeschichte des aktuellen SPIEGEL. Die englische Version finden Sie hier.
18. Juni 2014, 16:18 Uhr
Von Sven Becker, Hubert Gude, Judith Horchert, Andy Müller-Maguhn, Laura Poitras, Ole Reißmann, Marcel Rosenbach, Jörg Schindler, Fidelius Schmid, Michael Sontheimer und Holger Stark
Find this story at 18 June 2014
© SPIEGEL ONLINE 2014

Van nieuwsblog.burojansen.nl

Cooperation between Germany’s foreign intelligence service, the BND, and America’s NSA is deeper than previously believed. German agents appear to have crossed into constitutionally questionable territory.
Three months before Edward Snowden shocked the world with his revelations, members of NSA’s “Special Source Operations department” sat down for a weekly meeting at their headquarters in the US state of Maryland. The group, considered internally to be particularly efficient, has several tasks, one of which is overseeing the intelligence agency’s delicate relationship with large telecommunications firms. It is the department that Snowden referred to as the “crown jewels” of the NSA.
At this particular meeting, one significant slip-up was on the meeting agenda. On March 14, 2013, an SSO member had reported a potentially damaging incident. “Commercial consortium personnel” had apparently discovered the program “Wharpdrive,” for which SSO had tapped a fiber-optic cable. “Witting partner personnel have removed the evidence,” he explained further, “and a plausible cover story was provided.” According to an internal NSA document to which SPIEGEL has access, a team was quietly put together to to reinstall the program.
The NSA, apparently, did not perform the highly sensitive operation on its own. All signs indicate that the agency had help from Germany’s Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), the country’s foreign intelligence agency. The code name Wharpdrive appears in a paper drafted in preparation for a BND delegation’s visit to NSA headquarters in Fort Meade, and which instructs NSA leaders to “thank the BND for their assistance with the trilateral program.” It also makes clear that the German agency plays a leadership role in the Wharpdrive program, with the NSA providing only technical assistance.
It isn’t clear from the document exactly where the BND and NSA accessed the fiber-optic cable nor is there any indication of the operation’s target. Neither agency responded to questions about Wharpdrive. What appears obvious, however, is that the BND cooperates closely with NSA in one of its most sensitive areas of operation.
Germany’s collaboration with US intelligence, which Berlin officials agreed to in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attacks, is opaque and convoluted: opaque because the German parliament and public are unable to review most of what is delivered to the United States; convoluted because there are questions about its legality.
Constitutionally Unacceptable
Leading constitutional law experts have their doubts. In testimony before the NSA investigation committee in the Bundestag, Germany’s parliament, heavyweight constitutional law experts Hans-Jürgen Papier, Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem and Matthias Bäcker stated that the BND is potentially violating the German constitution by working with data received from the NSA. Furthermore, they argued that basic constitutional rights such as the privacy of correspondence, post and telecommunications apply to Germans abroad and to foreigners in Germany. That would mean that surveillance performed by the BND and NSA is constitutionally unacceptable.
German intelligence agencies, for their part, consider their cooperation with the NSA to be indispensable — for counter-terrorism efforts, for the fight against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and for the battle against organized crime. According to a classified paper created by the government in response to a query from the opposition, the BND does not keep official statistics on the amount of telephone, email and text message metadata that is shuttled to American agencies. “All metadata” collected at the NSA site in Bad Aibling in Bavaria “is made available,” the response states. In 2012 and 2013, some 3 million items of content data, or intercepted conversations and messages, were sent to the United States each month.
These facts and figures, until now available only to select parliamentarians, offer a window into German-American intelligence cooperation. Documents SPIEGEL has seen from the archive of whistleblower Edward Snowden, when combined with SPIEGEL’s own reporting, open up a much broader panorama.
They show that the exchange of data, spying tools and know-how is much more intense than previously thought. Given this close partnership, BND statements claiming they knew little about the programs and methods used by the NSA are, at minimum, startling.
One location in Germany is particularly illustrative of the trans-Atlantic pact. It is located in the Alpine foothills, in the beautiful valley of Mangfalltal. For decades, the NSA maintained its largest listening post in Germany in Bad Aibling, population 18,000. The agency once had up to 1,800 workers stationed here: They frequented Chicken Joe, a bar near the American base, and Johnny’s Bowling. And they cruised through town in American off-road vehicles sporting US license plates.
The Americans’ affection for the town can be seen in “A Little Bad Aibling Nostalgia,” a document that NSA employees posted on the agency’s intranet. They reminisced wistfully about “free bier” emails and leberkäse, a bologna-like substance “made neither of liver nor cheese.” German locals were fond of the agents, in part because they were reliable tenants. “Two men who specialized in Arabic dialects lived at my place,” recalled jeweler Max Regensburger. “Nice people.” Everyone, from baker to butcher to carpenter, profited from the Americans. When they left the base in 2004, Bad Aibling residents waved American flags in farewell.
The Tin Can
But the NSA did not completely abandon Bad Aibling. The BND took over most of the facilities on site, including nine white Radomes, the oversized golf ball-like structures crucial to many surveillance operations. But one small NSA special unit remained active and joined BND agents in the Mangfall Kaserne. The Americans built a specially constructed windowless building with an exterior of black-painted metal.
BND agents refer to the American complex, which houses the “Special US Liaison Activity Germany,” or SUSLAG, as the “Tin Can.” The unit’s very existence is classified information. But it is clear that the Germans and Americans who work there know each other and value one-another’s presence.
The official nature of the cooperation between Germany and the US in Bad Aibling is documented in a contract, written two years prior to the NSA’s official departure, drafted under the auspices of then-Chancellery Chief of Staff Frank-Walter Steinmeier, now Germany’s foreign minister. The “Memorandum of Agreement,” signed on April 28, 2002, is six pages long and marked Top Secret. It is not from Snowden’s material.
Much of the document consists of broad declarations of “good cooperation,” but the important points can be found in the 74-page appendix. There, the two sides agree on joint espionage areas and targets, such as counter-terrorism, and the battles against organized crime and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
Surveillance as such isn’t mentioned, at least initially. The treaty signatories, instead, commit to respecting fundamental rights such as the privacy of correspondence, post and telecommunications and agree not to conduct surveillance on German or American citizens. The deal is valid both for “real” and “legal entities,” meaning it applies to companies and associations as well.
But even in this memorandum, the crux is in the small print — the addenda and exceptions. In the case of “terrorist activity,” the taboos mentioned earlier no longer apply. Should it become clear that intercepted information originated from a German citizen, it can still be used as long as the partner agency is informed and agrees. The same is true in cases where the end point of monitored communications is located in a foreign country.
‘Exciting Joint Ventures’
According to the German constitution, the BND is not allowed to perform surveillance on German citizens. But does the memorandum’s small print open up a back door? Does the NSA provide information about radicals that the German intelligence agency is not permitted to have access to?
The BND denies the existence of such channels and says, “At no time has there been a deviation from the legal framework.”
It seems doubtful that the Germans know exactly what their NSA colleagues are doing in Bad Aibling. According to the agreement, the NSA is allowed to carry out its own surveillance operations and only has to allow the German partners to look at its task assignments and operational details if asked.
In any case, internal documents indicate that the NSA is pleased with the Bad Aibling facility. “Two exciting joint ventures” are carried out there. One involves teams for working on joint surveillance (referred to as “Joint SIGINT Activity”) and the other for the analysis of captured signals (Joint Analysis Center or JAC). Snowden’s documents hint at what precisely the trans-Atlantic allies were collaborating on. In 2005, for example, five NSA employees worked “side-by-side” with BND analysts on a BND operation called Orion. Its targets lay outside NATO’s eastern border.
According to the documents, most of the targets monitored jointly by the BND and NSA are in Africa and Afghanistan. One document, though, reveals something else. Stemming from 2009, it includes a list of companies and organizations with domain endings such as .com, .net and .org that are explicitly to be removed from the surveillance efforts because they are German web addresses. Among them are basf.com and bundeswehr.org, but also such domains as orgelbau.com and feuerwehr-ingolstadt.org.
German Aid for US Drone Attacks?
The list includes addresses that appear to have fallen into the surveillance crosshairs and were only later revealed to be German. This indicates that the filtering system the BND reportedly uses does not reliably prevent German targets with .com and .org domain names from being monitored, and that those names must be removed retroactively.
In response to questioning about the close cooperation in Bad Aibling, the BND said that the Joint SIGINT Activity and the Joint Analytical Center were discontinued “in 2012 and 2011, respectively.” In addition, the BND noted in a statement, no joint surveillance took place prior to the facility’s discontinuation: “Even before, signals intelligence was performed exclusively by the BND.”
The NSA documents, though, tell a different tale, for example in a document pertaining to the one-year anniversary of the Tin Can. In reference to the JSA, the document notes that the cooperation is “unique as a jointly manned, jointly tasked DNI site,” with DNI referring to Digital Network Intelligence. An American document referring to levels of secrecy from 2005 notes that “the fact that NSA and BND … perform SIGINT collection at Mangfall Kaserne” must remain confidential.
Bad Aibling also plays a central role in the question of whether the NSA is collecting data in Germany. A map from the spy program Boundless Informant, published by SPIEGEL in the summer of 2013, indicates that the NSA collects vast amounts of data in Germany and points to primary metadata collection points (or “SIGADS”), identified by the codes US-987LA and US-987LB.
The document shows that these two SIGADS sent some 500 million points of metadata from Germany to NSA databases during a four-week period from the end of 2012 to the beginning of 2013. One document, which explains the program, says that data is collected “against” a target country.
The NSA has never explicitly commented on the two collection sites, but according to the BND, there is an explanation that refutes the accusation that the US spied on Germany. The BND believes “that the SIGADs US 987-LA and US 987-LB refer to Bad Aibling and to a signals intelligence site in Afghanistan.” That would mean, the BND says, that the 500 million data points might have been collected by the BND outside of Germany and then transferred to the NSA. Still, the German intelligence agency noted that it couldn’t say for sure whether that would account for all of the data listed by the NSA.
Should the BND’s explanation be correct, it would mean that the formulation used by “Boundless Informant” — and SPIEGEL’s own interpretation — were misleading. But it would also provide yet more evidence for the enormous exchange of information between Germany and the NSA.
In the Wharpdrive program, BND specialists are taking the lead. According to one document from the Snowden archive, Germany’s cooperation with the NSA’s Special Source Operations is meant to provide “unconventional special access” to fiber-optic cables.
‘High Interest Target Areas’
In that same document, the Americans express their respect, praising the Germans for operations undertaken “under risky conditions” and noted that the BND “offered NSA unique accesses in high interest target areas.”
A 2006 document verifies that the BND and the NSA not only work closely together, but that they are also often on equal technological footing. At the time, US intelligence workers visited a BND office in the town of Schöningen, Lower Saxony. The office is just a few kilometers away from the city center’s half-timbered houses. The site’s location near the former border with East Germany used to help the BND eavesdrop on its communist neighbors.
As Germany got consumed by hosting the World Cup in the summer of 2006, BND analysts gave presentations to their American colleagues about which electronic tools they used. The equipment, the Americans noted in meeting minutes, were sometimes more effective than the NSA’s own.
As far back as 2006, the BND was working in Schöningen on algorithms that could detect patterns or anomalies and thus enable it to exploit social networks for intelligence purposes. With a subject line on meeting notes reading “Visitors impressed with software demos,” the Americans expressed high regard for their German colleagues. They also praised the intercepts from Afghanistan that the “BND shares on a daily basis.”
Indeed, NSA staff seemed to be pleased with much of what the BND does in Afghanistan. There is no other issue in Snowden’s documents that is the subject of as much praise for the BND, the role it plays and what it shares. There are numerous instances in which the agency lauds the Germans for leadership and for the monitoring of additional civilian and military targets that they have taken on.
A presentation on the cooperation among 14 intelligence services in Afghanistan shows that the partners have the ability to exchange intelligence in “near real time,” including the contents of encrypted mobile phone conversations and so-called “target packages” containing information on targets.
Difficult Questions
When SPIEGEL reported last summer on the sharing of target information, the BND did not deny this activity. But it did challenge the conjecture that the data might serve as the basis for American drone attacks. The situation remains a complicated one: It’s not possible to target a drone attack based on a mobile phone number’s having accessed a cell phone base station, but drones can be turned into flying mobile phone base stations by equipping them with what are known as IMSI catchers — phones then automatically connect to an IMSI catcher when the drone flies overhead. This also means that metadata supplied through BND surveillance could very well contribute to guiding the deadly drones to their targets. Indeed, the former head of NSA and CIA Michael Hayden recently confirmed, “We kill people based on metadata.”
New documents also indicate the high significance of German surveillance to the US military in Afghanistan. Germany and 13 of its allies deliver intelligence to a unit on the American military base in Bagram. This is home to the NSA’s “Cryptologic Services Group,” a unit that feeds intelligence to controversial units like the secret Task Force 373, who had the mission of capturing or killing high-value Taliban or al-Qaida targets.
These connections between the BND and NSA raise difficult questions about the German government and its foreign intelligence service, such as whether Germany participated indirectly in death squad operations, which can result in the deaths of civilians or police.
The government has declined to comment on such questions. So far, there have merely been general statements, like the one made most recently by German Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière at an event in Berlin. He described the United States as Germany’s most important ally and said, “If it were up to us, we would continue it in absolute terms and even intensify it.”
There is substantial evidence in Snowden’s documents that German authorities are trying to do just that. In April 2013, a BND delegation led by an official named Dietmar B. visited the NSA. The BND “is eager to present its SIGINT capabilities … with the goal of expanding the partnership,” an NSA document notes. The document says that officials welcome “the BND’s eagerness to strengthen and expand cooperation with NSA.”
Smooth Sailing
Other documents state that the BND offers “language assistance” in African languages. It is also clear that the BND shares the results of its monitoring of two foreign ministries as well as Internet telephony originating from a crisis-plagued country in the Middle East.
These days, tensions between the upper echelons of government in Germany and the United States are at their highest in years, but these documents suggest a smooth relationship between the eager BND and the covetous NSA.
There was only one point on which the United States expressed reserve: A request by the Germans to use information from NSA surveillance in “open court.” The document, from April 2013, said there were concerns that the disclosure of surveillance capabilities in a German court could have ramifications and that the “desired and planned level of cooperation” could not be maintained.
In this instance, Germany’s adherence to its own constitution seems bothersome to the Americans.
By Hubert Gude, Andy Müller-Maguhn, Laura Poitras, Marcel Rosenbach, Jörg Schindler and Fidelius Schmid
Translated from the German by Charles Hawley and Daryl Lindsey
06/18/2014 04:20 PM
By SPIEGEL Staff
Find this story at 18 June 2014
© SPIEGEL ONLINE 2014

Van nieuwsblog.burojansen.nl

Trotz der Snowden-Affäre intensiviert der deutsche Verfassungsschutz laut Recherchen von SZ, NDR und WDR die Zusammenarbeit mit US-Nachrichtendiensten wie CIA und NSA. Die Zahl der an die Amerikaner übermittelten Datensätze hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren demnach verfünffacht.
Der Verfassungsschutz hat seine Zusammenarbeit mit amerikanischen Geheimdiensten in den vergangenen Jahren ausgebaut – und sich dabei offenbar auch von den Snowden-Enthüllungen nicht bremsen lassen. Wie aus geheimen Regierungsdokumenten hervorgeht, die SZ, WDR und NDR einsehen konnten, ist die Zahl der Datensätze, die der Verfassungsschutz an US-Dienste übermittelt hat, erheblich gestiegen. Im Jahr 2013 schickte der Verfassungsschutz 1163 Datensätze an die Amerikaner. Allein in den ersten drei Monaten dieses Jahres waren es bereits etwa 400. In den vergangenen vier Jahren hat sich die Zahl damit fast verfünffacht. Bei den übermittelten Daten soll es sich unter anderem um Handynummern, Reisebewegungen und Aufenthaltsorte verdächtiger Personen handeln.
Das Pikante daran: Der Verfassungsschutz ist Deutschlands Inlandsgeheimdienst, er arbeitet also nur auf deutschem Boden. Es liegt also nahe, dass der Dienst in Deutschland erhobene Daten an die Amerikaner weitergibt. Das Ganze ist Teil eines großen Tauschgeschäfts unter “befreundeten Diensten”: Deutschlands In- und Auslandsgeheimdienste, also der Verfassungsschutz sowie der Bundesnachrichtendienst, leiten Daten an die Amerikaner weiter und bekommen im Gegenzug dann Informationen von CIA, NSA und Co. Der Verfassungsschutz erklärte auf Anfrage, mit US-Nachrichtendiensten zusammenzuarbeiten. Man halte sich dabei strikt an die gesetzlichen Aufgaben und Befugnisse.
Nach Informationen von SZ, NDR und WDR übermittelte der Inlandsgeheimdienst zuletzt Informationen an die Nachrichtendienste des US-Heeres und der Luftwaffe sowie an die Bundespolizei FBI. Die meisten Daten gingen aber an die CIA und das Joint Issues Staff, womit die CIA-Dependencen im Ausland gemeint sind. Im Falle Deutschlands wären das vor allem die Stützpunkte in der Berliner Botschaft und dem Generalkonsulat in Frankfurt. Dort sitzt auch der Special Collection Service: jene Spezialeinheit von CIA und NSA, die das Handy von Angela Merkel ausgespäht haben soll.
Fokus auf Spione aus China und Russland
Mit den Ausspähungen der Amerikaner beschäftigt sich derzeit ein Untersuchungsausschuss, zudem ermittelt der Generalbundesanwalt. Diese ausländische Spionage in Deutschland zu verhindern, ist eigentlich Aufgabe des Verfassungsschutzes. Der blickt aber fast ausschließlich auf die Spione von Staaten wie China und Russland. Es existiert zwar ein Plan, künftig auch das Treiben der Briten und Amerikaner besser im Auge zu behalten, er wurde vor einigen Monaten auch im Bundeskanzleramt vorgestellt. Bislang ist dem Vernehmen nach aber noch keine Entscheidung gefallen.
Es ist derzeit nicht zu erwarten, dass die Regierung dem Plan zustimmt. Er würde die Verfassungsschützer vor eine schwierige Aufgabe stellen: Sie müssten Dienste beobachten, auf deren Informationen sie angewiesen sind. Allein der Inlandsgeheimdienst bekommt jedes Jahr mehr als 1000 Datensätze von den Amerikanern, beim Bundesnachrichtendienst sind es sogar etwa 100 000 Datensätze. Außerdem nutzt der BND die NSA-Spionagesoftware XKeyscore. Der Verfassungsschutz besitzt eine Testversion des Programms.
11. Juni 2014 18:21 Spionage
Von John Goetz und Frederik Obermaier
Find this story at 11 June 2014
Copyright: Süddeutsche Zeitung Digitale Medien GmbH / Süddeutsche Zeitung GmbH